RESUMO
We present here a detailed analysis of anaphylaxis cases reported to GlaxoSmithKline safety database following vaccination with its H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccines, Pandemrix™ and Arepanrix™. Cases were assessed according to the Brighton Collaboration Case Definition (BCCD) as either confirmed diagnosis (97/395, 24.6%), insufficient information to fulfil the minimal criteria of the case definition (117/395, 29.6%) or anaphylaxis excluded (181/395, 45.8%). There was no evidence that the rate of anaphylaxis following vaccination with Pandemrix™ or Arepanrix™ is increased with respect to the rates of anaphylaxis for other vaccines. Our analysis also highlighted the challenges of reliably determining the rate of anaphylaxis as an adverse event in the postmarketing setting following mass vaccination, as anaphylaxis was excluded in 45.8% of reported cases.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos , Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Anafilaxia/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Vacinação em Massa , Vacinação/efeitos adversosRESUMO
This article provides background information on the pharmacokinetics of antibacterial agents in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Tables are provided to allow quick determination of appropriate dosages for varying degrees of renal failure. The use of serum levels, newer strategies for cefazolin, vancomycin, and aminoglycoside dosing, methods of dialysis and associated antibiotics dosage adjustments, and antibiotic toxicity in renal failure are reviewed.
